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	<title>Tornado &#187; 理性</title>
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	<description>逃避，這是一招；更強的解決之道，就是要練成「傷都不覺痛」的性格。</description>
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		<title>超科學知識整理</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2011/08/10/knowledgeoutofscience/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Aug 2011 04:13:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[神怪]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[sixth senses 植物也有意識&#8230; animal communication&#8230; 動物比人類更能預知災難的發生 除了 cold reading/看面相，有些人有第六感或超能力都不出奇&#8230; 心靈相通 輪迴 多種宗教都有記載：古代的聖經也有，只是被某些教派刪去了 身邊的人：可能前世都是身邊的人 病痛和畏懼：有些先天的喜好或恐懼，可以用前世來解釋？ 機制：佛家 &#8211;&#62; 六道輪迴（但是誰決定誰往哪裏輪迴） ＜FCY奇想：說不定算命是在找輪迴的pattern。＞ 世界 有幾界，天堂（？）、地獄（？）、我們的世間……總之有 the other side啦 = = 占卜 算命：根據出生年月日時（時辰八字）去推算命運 相命：手相、面相等……原理是相由心生？ 風水：原理是環境科學 其實看相也是看「靈機」的，那其實有點依靠第六感之類的東西吧 = = 問鬼神：是不是考問那些鬼／神的第六感…？ 靈體 鬼：總之就是靈體…… 神明／偶像（非一神教裏的「神」）：其實很多廟拜的都是鬼，哪有這麼多天后娘娘…… = = （唯一的）神：唔知！ 奇怪現象： 人體自燃：？ Reference List: 《植物的秘密生命》 《天才在左，瘋子在右》 前世今生來生緣 (1, 2) Conversation with God （看到十幾頁就看不下去，某朋友說對她影響很大的書） 瀕死經驗 / 立花隆 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=312&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>sixth senses</p>
<ul>
<li>植物也有意識&#8230;</li>
<li>animal communication&#8230;</li>
<li>動物比人類更能預知災難的發生</li>
<li>除了 cold reading/看面相，有些人有第六感或超能力都不出奇&#8230;</li>
<li>心靈相通</li>
</ul>
<p>輪迴
<ul>
<li>多種宗教都有記載：古代的聖經也有，只是被某些教派刪去了</li>
<li>身邊的人：可能前世都是身邊的人</li>
<li>病痛和畏懼：有些先天的喜好或恐懼，可以用前世來解釋？</li>
<li>機制：佛家 &#8211;&gt; 六道輪迴（但是誰決定誰往哪裏輪迴）</li>
</ul>
<p>＜FCY奇想：說不定算命是在找輪迴的pattern。＞</p>
<p>世界
<ul>
<li>有幾界，天堂（？）、地獄（？）、我們的世間……總之有 the other side啦 = =</li>
</ul>
<p>占卜
<ul>
<li>算命：根據出生年月日時（時辰八字）去推算命運</li>
<li>相命：手相、面相等……原理是相由心生？</li>
<li>風水：原理是環境科學</li>
<li>其實看相也是看「靈機」的，那其實有點依靠第六感之類的東西吧 = =</li>
<li>問鬼神：是不是考問那些鬼／神的第六感…？</li>
</ul>
<p>靈體
<ul>
<li>鬼：總之就是靈體……</li>
<li>神明／偶像（非一神教裏的「神」）：其實很多廟拜的都是鬼，哪有這麼多天后娘娘…… = =</li>
<li>（唯一的）神：唔知！</li>
</ul>
<p>奇怪現象：
<ul>
<li>人體自燃：？</li>
</ul>
<hr />Reference List:
<ul style="color:rgb(0,0,0);">
<li>《植物的秘密生命》</li>
<li>《天才在左，瘋子在右》</li>
<li>前世今生來生緣 (1, 2)</li>
<li><span style="font-style:italic;">Conversation with God</span> （看到十幾頁就看不下去，某朋友說對她影響很大的書）</li>
<li>瀕死經驗 / 立花隆 </li>
<li>讓沉默說法</li>
<li>《細胞記憶》</li>
<li>《为你解風水》宋韶光</li>
<li>《为你解命理》宋韶光</li>
<li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=245713125784">http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=245713125784</a> 科學之謎 (2) : 能預知生死的貓</li>
<li><a href="http://book.bfnn.org/books%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%8B/0014.htm" rel="nofollow">http://book.bfnn.org/books​/0014.htm</a> 正信的佛教</li>
<li><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/xuanshtong/" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/xuanshtong/</a>
<p><small><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/xuanshtong/article?mid=185" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/xuanshtong/article?mid=185</a><br />&#8220;所以我很反感一些不懂風水為何物之人說：「如果風水那麼靈，那​麼風水先生都先發了財和長命百歲，也不必替人看風水啦。」他們就​是不明白每一個人都有自己的命運，是為先決的條件。在紫微斗數來​說是天盤的高低。而天盤的高低，就決定了一個人在最好運時能發達​至甚麼程度。舉例來說，杯子有大有有小，小的水杯如車厘杯，盛滿​了水也不會多到哪裏去；如果換過來是一個巨型的啤酒杯，縱使它不​走運，只有四分一杯的水，也比車厘炋滿溢時之水多很多。所以才有​人雖然運氣平平，但生活髆很不錯；亦有人雖然走著很好的運道，但​仍然家無恒產，只是手頭較寬而已！風水能幫助的，是使你的杯子不​致太缺水而已，但決無法替你換過另一個較大的杯子，增加你的容量​。信術數的人便說，這是天命所限。&#8221;"</p>
<p><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com%e2%80%8b/xuanshtong/article?mid=30%E2%80%8B20" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com​/xuanshtong/article?mid=30​20</a><br />&#8220;除非其人面相流年好，目前的精神氣色也好，愛拼才會贏​，否則，愛拼絕對不會贏，反而愈拼愈糟，愈陷愈水深。為​甚麼仍有人高喊愛拼才會贏呢？那只是政客們用來鼓動群眾​，勇往直前的神話，或是長輩們用來鼓助晚輩的慰勉話。做​生意的人，千萬不能相信「愛拼才會贏」這句沒有經過大腦​的廢話。&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com%e2%80%8b/xuanshtong/article?mid=19%E2%80%8B0" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com​/xuanshtong/article?mid=19​0</a><br />看相需要&#8221;靈活變通和很強的分析力才能看準&#8221;。</p>
<p><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com%e2%80%8b/xuanshtong/article?mid=11%E2%80%8B42" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com​/xuanshtong/article?mid=11​42</a><br /><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com%e2%80%8b/xuanshtong/article?mid=11%E2%80%8B43" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com​/xuanshtong/article?mid=11​43</a><br />&#8220;觸機功夫&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com%e2%80%8b/xuanshtong/article?mid=30%E2%80%8B36" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com​/xuanshtong/article?mid=30​36</a><br /><a href="http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com%e2%80%8b/xuanshtong/article?mid=30%E2%80%8B37" rel="nofollow">http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com​/xuanshtong/article?mid=30​37</a><br />&#8220;人以食為本&#8230;&#8230;故飲食為人之良藥。要看人的面​相，首先要問他飲食份量多少，如此一來，要論定他生涯福​禍便萬無一失。想預言一年之後是否有大難臨頭，是極為困​難之事，但是只要此人當時飲食謹慎小心，必能免去大災禍​，甚至當年就能遇上意外之喜。即使面相貧窮，只要多注意​飲食，也能獲得適當之福報，放眼當今，確實有許多因節制​飲食而得福之人&#8230;&#8230;故無論是富貴、貧賤、長壽、​窮而樂&#8230;&#8230;都在於是否節制飲食。&#8221;</small></li>
</ul>
<ul style="color:rgb(0,0,0);">
<li><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/archive?l=f&amp;id=6&amp;page=14" rel="nofollow">http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/archive?l=f&amp;id=6&amp;page=14</a> <br />伊斯蘭與靈媒交匯的世界 &#8211; Yahoo!奇摩部落格</li>
<ul>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=973&amp;prev=1006&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之1&#8211;請不要燒紙錢</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=1006&amp;next=973&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之2&#8211;請不要拜偶像</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=1254&amp;next=1036&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之3 &#8212; 不要信通靈</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=1541&amp;next=1349&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之4 &#8212; 不要信算命</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=1552&amp;next=1541&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之5 &#8212; 不要碰法術</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=2043&amp;prev=2079&amp;next=1809&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之6 &#8212; 避開清晨與黃昏</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=3263&amp;prev=3305&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之7 &#8212; 有事沒事動一動</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=5447&amp;next=5446&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之8 &#8212; 什麼東西都不要</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/animus_2/article?mid=5470&amp;prev=5528&amp;l=f&amp;fid=6" rel="nofollow">TOP10之9 &#8212; 穿背心比較好</a></small></li>
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</ul>
<li>http://book.douban.com/review/1159470/ 长青哲学的七个重点 (评论: 超越死亡)</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Birthday of H. D. Zeh (8/5)</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 09 May 2011 03:30:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[物理]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[幾小時前心裏起了一個想法：將來工餘的時間要拿來研讀 quantum philosophy ，其中一個目標就是要將 H. D. Zeh 的作品讀完。正有此想法的時候，竟發現今天是 H. D. Zeh 生日。 =o= &#8220;H. D. Zeh (born 8 May 1932 in Brunswick&#8230;)&#8221; &#8220;Zeh Meaning: one who was tough and stubborn.&#8221; H. D. Zeh 1970年提出decoherence，當時他38歲。大器晚成的程度，可以跟薛丁格（Schrödinger）39歲發表薛丁格方程式相比。今天79歲，最近幾年還有在 arxiv 發表結果。 （「著名」的理論物理學家、數學家都是年少得志的居多。） 本人對這個人十分好奇： 一、這個人十分低調，網上可以找到的資料很少，他的網頁上只有幾篇物理文章。他的博士論文寫甚麼？導師是誰？1970年之前他在研究甚麼？ 二、不知是否翻譯問題，他寫的書實在深奧無比。 =o= 我喜歡這些帶哲學風格的物理，跟現在流行的 mathematical physics 很不同。 他寫的東西數學不深，背後卻有很多概念。 個人猜他在 interpretations of quantum mechanics 應該很有研究。 他不是躲起來自成一統那種的人， 他在物理和哲學兩方面的作品都似乎有認真研讀過。 （另一個我很欣賞的是 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=243&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>幾小時前心裏起了一個想法：將來工餘的時間要拿來研讀 quantum philosophy ，其中一個目標就是要將 H. D. Zeh 的作品讀完。正有此想法的時候，竟發現今天是 H. D. Zeh 生日。 =o=</p>
<p>&#8220;H. D. Zeh (born 8 May 1932 in Brunswick&#8230;)&#8221;<br />
&#8220;Zeh Meaning: one who was tough and stubborn.&#8221;</p>
<p>H. D. Zeh 1970年提出decoherence，當時他38歲。大器晚成的程度，可以跟薛丁格（Schrödinger）39歲發表薛丁格方程式相比。今天79歲，最近幾年還有在 arxiv 發表結果。<br />
（「著名」的理論物理學家、數學家都是年少得志的居多。）</p>
<p>本人對這個人十分好奇：</p>
<p>一、這個人十分低調，網上可以找到的資料很少，他的網頁上只有幾篇物理文章。他的博士論文寫甚麼？導師是誰？1970年之前他在研究甚麼？<br />
二、不知是否翻譯問題，他寫的書實在深奧無比。 =o=</p>
<p>我喜歡這些帶哲學風格的物理，跟現在流行的 mathematical physics 很不同。</p>
<p>他寫的東西數學不深，背後卻有很多概念。</p>
<p>個人猜他在 interpretations of quantum mechanics 應該很有研究。<br />
他不是躲起來自成一統那種的人，<br />
他在物理和哲學兩方面的作品都似乎有認真研讀過。<br />
（另一個我很欣賞的是 d&#8217;Espagnat ，看來也是這兩方面都有很深素養的物理學家。）<br />
（強調是「猜」、「似乎」，因為他們的作品我都未仔細讀過。）</p>
<p>interpretations of quantum mechanics 、 nature of time 這些研究會為人類的社會帶來甚麼呢？</p>
<p>除了可以清除很多假大空的理論之外……</p>
<p>參考：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.zeh-hd.de/">http://www.zeh-hd.de/</a></li>
<li><a href="+Zeh_H/0/1/0/all/0/1">http://arxiv.org/find/quant-ph/1/au:+Zeh_H/0/1/0/all/0/1</a></li>
</ul>
<p>［都說其實不是特別喜歡物理，只是逢抽象的東西都很有興趣。</p>
<p>很好奇每個鍾意一件事物的理由（路人甲：唔係個個都好似你咁問理由咖！）。］</p>
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		<title>生物</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2008/06/08/%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9/</link>
		<comments>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2008/06/08/%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Jun 2008 14:04:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[科學]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/frans-de-waal-answers-your-primate-questions/ http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8240.html In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our &#8220;selfish&#8221; genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling the good things we do as &#8220;humane.&#8221; Seeking the origin [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=74&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/frans-de-waal-answers-your-primate-questions/</p>
<blockquote><p>http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8240.html</p>
<p>In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our &#8220;selfish&#8221; genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling the good things we do as &#8220;humane.&#8221; <em>Seeking the origin of human morality not in evolution but in human culture, science insists that we are moral by choice, not by nature.</em></p>
<p>Citing remarkable evidence based on his extensive research of primate behavior, <em>de Waal attacks &#8220;Veneer Theory,&#8221; which posits morality as a thin overlay on an otherwise nasty nature. He explains how we evolved from a long line of animals that care for the weak and build cooperation with reciprocal transactions.</em> Drawing on both Darwin and recent scientific advances, de Waal demonstrates a strong continuity between human and animal behavior. In the process, he also probes issues such as anthropomorphism and human responsibilities toward animals.</p></blockquote>
<p>生物學家從猿猴身上，尋找人類的本性。<span id="more-74"></span></p>
<p>突然覺得很傷感：我們的社會成規在扼殺了幾多真心的行為？</p>
<p>http://a-chien.blogspot.com/2008/06/blog-post_05.html 基測怪題年年有</p>
<p><a title="94-2-13.jpg" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/92415799@N00/2553268498/"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/3018/2553268498_353cbec557_d.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a></p>
<p>《無我的生物界-社會生物學的啟示》, 簡體版：<a href="http://www.shuku.net/novels/zatan/cells/cells.html">《細胞生命的禮贊》</a>, 英文：<a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942960,00.html">The Bug Next Door</a></p>
<p><a title="Endosymbiotic theory - wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiotic_theory">Endosymbiotic theory</a></p>
<p>According to this theory, these organelles originated as separate <a title="Prokaryote" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote">prokaryotic</a> organisms which were taken inside the cell as <a title="Endosymbiont" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiont">endosymbionts</a>. Mitochondria developed from <a title="Proteobacteria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteobacteria">proteobacteria</a> (in particular, <a title="Rickettsiales" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsiales">Rickettsiales</a> or close relatives) and chloroplasts from <a title="Cyanobacteria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>.</p>
<p>按此理論：線粒體本不屬我們的細胞一部分，它們本來是一些細菌，為了生存下去，寄居於動植物之中！</p>
<p>人性泯滅的例子？:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik">Ik</a></p>
<p>生字:Aridification &#8211; the process of a region becoming increasingly dry. It refers to long term change rather than seasonal variation.</p>
<p>http://a-chien.blogspot.com/2007/08/blog-post_2484.html</p>
<p>聲音的分類：氣導音  骨導音</p>
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		<title>Physics 20080417</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2008/04/17/physics-20080417/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Apr 2008 13:54:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[物理]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[p + ρgz = constant  [Bernoulli's equation] p, ρ都是z的function, 但differentiate兩邊against z dp/dz  + ρg + dρ/dz  gz  = 0 dp/dz   =  &#8211; ρg &#8211; dρ/dz  gz 這是不正確，沒有physical meaning的，正確的應是: dp/dz = &#8211; ρg The moving system of a D&#8217;Arsonval galvanometer consists of a coil of wire and a mirror suspended by a fine fiber and capable [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=73&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>p + ρgz = constant  [Bernoulli's equation]</p>
<p>p, ρ都是z的function, 但differentiate兩邊against z</p>
<p>dp/dz  + ρg + dρ/dz  gz  = 0<br />
dp/dz   =  &#8211;  ρg &#8211; dρ/dz  gz<br />
這是不正確，沒有physical meaning的，正確的應是:<br />
dp/dz = &#8211; ρg</p>
<hr />The moving system of a D&#8217;Arsonval galvanometer consists of a coil of wire and a mirror suspended by a fine fiber and capable of rotation about a vertical axis. Random collisions of air molecules with the suspended system produce torques which are not equal and opposite at all instants. The result is that the angular position is continuously fluctuating and the system exhibits an unsteady &#8220;zero&#8221; (an example of Brownian motion). If the root-mean-square angular displacement of the system is θ<sub>rms</sub> = 2 × 10<sup>-4</sup> rad and the torque constant for a fine quartz fiber is K = 1 × 10<sup>-13</sup> N m /rad , find the temperature of the air.<br />
(From 3000 solved problems in Physics)</p>
<p><span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">solution:</span><br />
<span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">=&gt; energy modes for these system: rotational kinetic and torsional potential energy</span><br />
<span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">=&gt; equipartition theorem applies to both types of disordered energy</span><br />
<span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">=&gt; 1/2 K θ</span><sub>rms </sub><sup>2</sup><span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;"> =1/2 k T</span><br />
<span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">=&gt;  T = 290K</span></p>
<hr />用meter前要:</p>
<ul>
<li>set zero / 計offset</li>
<li>較intensity / attenuation , unit</li>
<li>distance, polarization, background, 有無focus好, d野係咩parallel, 做左calibration未</li>
</ul>
<hr /><span>HP 54602B 150Mhz Oscilliscope &#8211; HP Tetris<br />
Computers, Hardware<br />
1. Turn on the o-scope.<br />
2. When running, press “PRINT/UTILITY”<br />
3. Simultaneously hit the 2nd and 3rd soft keys (and hold for a half a second)<br />
4. The game should pop up!</span></p>
<hr /><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_generator</p>
<p>Signals which last for a very short period of time are referred to as “ TRANSIENT Signals”.</p>
<p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling_(electronics)</p>
<p>In electronics and telecommunication, coupling is the desirable or undesirable transfer of energy from one medium, such as a metallic wire or an optical fiber, to another medium, including fortuitous transfer.</p>
<p>Also the transfer of power from one circuit segment to another. E.g., an alternating voltage may be transferred to a segment at a different direct voltage by use of a capacitor or transformer; power may be efficiently transferred to a segment with different impedance by use of a transformer.</p>
<p></span></p>
<hr /><span>larger degree of freedom =&gt; larger energy =&gt; entropy (in positive temperature) is larger<br />
越自由越凌亂<br />
[物理看人生 = ="]</span></p>
<hr /><span>點解mixture of liquid的boiling point低d<br />
=&gt;<a href="http://www.jyu.fi/kastdk/olympiads/1998/ps.zip" target="_new">http://www.jyu.fi/kastdk/olympiads/1998/ps.zip</a> （睇第一題）</p>
<p>neutron [matter-wave] interference, using gravity<br />
=&gt;<a href="http://www.jyu.fi/kastdk/olympiads/2006/IPhO-37_Th1_final.pdf" target="_new">http://www.jyu.fi/kastdk/olympiads/2006/IPhO-37_Th1_final.pdf</a></p>
<p><!--m--><a class="l" href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/neg_temperature.html" target="_new">What Does <strong>Negative Temperature</strong> Mean?</a><br />
-300K 「熱過」 273K</p>
<p></span></p>
<hr /><span>物理一題（F.3程度的熱力學, F.4 Chem的知識）：<br />
The amount of heat required to convert 1g of ice into vapour is approximately 3000J. Estimate the energy required to separate one molecule from a single neighbour, assuming that, in ice, each H2O molecule has four nearest neighbours. [Relative molecular mass of water=18, Avogadro constant=6.02 x 10 <sup>23</sup> mol <sup>-1</sup>]</p>
<p><span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;font-size:xx-small;">4.5 x 10<sup>-20</sup>J<br />
特別之處解法有點數學技巧。<br />
Graph theory: The sum of the vertex degrees in any undirected graph is twice the number of edges.<br />
簡單來講，就是如果在一個宴會上，握手次數共為m次，且每兩個人之間最多握一次手；則 甲握手次數+乙握手次數+&#8230; =2m<br />
From &#8220;Cambridge Problems in Physics and Advice on Solutions&#8221;</span></p>
<p></span></p>
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		<title>救回wav/mpg   fix/repair your wav/mpg files</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2008/01/20/%e6%95%91%e5%9b%9ewavmpg-fixrepair-your-wavmpg-files/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jan 2008 21:47:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[電腦]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[wav： 直接編輯法 &#62;Hi, &#62; &#62;I&#8217;m in a bit of trouble with a WAV-file &#8230;� Ok, never mind! I figured it out with the help of some message board post. The trick: 1. Get a hex-editor like XVI32. 2. Open the header of an intact file recorded with the same MP3 player with the hex-editor. 3. [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=60&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>wav：</b></p>
<p>直接編輯法</p>
<blockquote><p> &gt;Hi,<br />
&gt;<br />
&gt;I&#8217;m in a bit of trouble with a WAV-file &#8230;�</p>
<p>Ok, never mind! I figured it out with the help of some message board<br />
post.<br />
The trick:</p>
<p>1. Get a hex-editor like XVI32.<br />
2. Open the header of an intact file recorded with the same MP3 player<br />
with the hex-editor.<br />
3. Replace the corrupt header one hex-code after another with the header<br />
of the intact file. Stop when you&#8217;ve gotten a bit further than the place<br />
where the hex-code translates to the phrase &#8220;data&#8221;.<br />
4. You might have to do some tweaking in order to set the length of the<br />
file properly, so you don&#8217;t miss something at the end. The basic structure<br />
of the header is given for example at<br />
<a href="http://ccrma.stanford.edu/CCRMA/Courses/422/projects/WaveFormat/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://ccrma.stanford.edu/CCRMA/Courses/422/projects/WaveFormat/</a></p>
<p>I hope this helps somebody else :)<br />
Kim</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.dsprelated.com/showmessage/55937/1.php">source</a></p>
<p><b>mpg：</b></p>
<p>使用軟件<a href="http://www.videohelp.com/faq#repairmpg" title="FAQ at videohelp.com"> http://www.videohelp.com/faq#repairmpg</a></p>
<p>其中 <a href="http://www.videohelp.com/tools.php?listall=1#Video%20Repair/Fix">MPEG-Corrector</a>　成功解決了我的問題</p>
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		<title>電學單位</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2008/01/05/%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%b8%e5%96%ae%e4%bd%8d/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Jan 2008 16:07:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CE/AL phy/math/other]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[符號/名稱縮寫 概念 英文 單位 definition 計法 注 英 中 symbol Q 電荷 Charge coulombs 庫倫 C F 電力 electric force Newton 牛頓 N 兩個電荷之間的作用力 kQq/(r^2) 對應萬有引力（分別：引力無排斥力） UE 電位能/電勢能 Electric potential energy Joule 焦耳 J 反抗電場來「搬動」電子所需的功=電荷獲得的能量 kQq/(r) 對應Potential Energy E 電場強度 Electric field intensity 一個檢驗電子在電場內感受到的力 kQ/(r^2) 對應g (例如地心吸力) φ 電位/電勢 Electric potential volts 伏特 V 單位電荷所具有的電位能 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=56&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<table style="text-align:left;width:100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">符號/名稱縮寫</td>
<td rowspan="2">概念</td>
<td rowspan="2">英文</td>
<td colspan="3">單位</td>
<td rowspan="2">definition</td>
<td rowspan="2">計法</td>
<td rowspan="2">注</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>英</td>
<td>中</td>
<td>symbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Q</td>
<td>電荷</td>
<td>Charge</td>
<td>coulombs</td>
<td>庫倫</td>
<td>C</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-weight:bold;">F</span></td>
<td style="background-color:#ffffbf;">電力</td>
<td>electric force</td>
<td>Newton</td>
<td>牛頓</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>兩個電荷之間的作用力</td>
<td>kQq/(r^2)</td>
<td>對應萬有引力（分別：引力無排斥力）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="texhtml"><i>U</i><sub><i>E</i></sub></span></td>
<td style="background-color:#ffffbf;">電位能/電勢能</td>
<td>Electric potential energy</td>
<td>Joule</td>
<td>焦耳</td>
<td>J</td>
<td>反抗電場來「搬動」電子所需的功=電荷獲得的能量</td>
<td>kQq/(r)</td>
<td>對應Potential Energy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-weight:bold;">E</span></td>
<td style="background-color:#ffffbf;">電場強度</td>
<td>Electric field intensity</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>一個檢驗電子在電場內感受到的力</td>
<td>kQ/(r^2)</td>
<td>對應<span style="font-weight:bold;">g</span> (例如地心吸力)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="texhtml">φ</span></td>
<td style="background-color:#ffffbf;">電位/電勢</td>
<td>Electric potential</td>
<td rowspan="3">volts</td>
<td rowspan="3">伏特</td>
<td rowspan="3">V</td>
<td>單位電荷所具有的電位能</td>
<td><span class="texhtml"><i>U</i><sub><i>E</i></sub></span>/Q</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>emf / V</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">電動勢</td>
<td>Electromotive force</td>
<td>（在一個電池/電源傳來的）</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pd / V</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">電勢差/電壓</td>
<td>Voltage</td>
<td>在電路上，Electromotive force經過一些東西後，兩個pt的差</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">電流</td>
<td>Current</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>每段時間流過電路上的一點的電荷數目</td>
<td>dQ  /  dt</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>R</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">電阻</td>
<td>Resistance</td>
<td>Ohms</td>
<td>歐姆</td>
<td>Ω</td>
<td></td>
<td>R=V/I</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">內部電阻</td>
<td>Internal resistance</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>電池內部的阻力（其實勁細 =_=&#8221;）</td>
<td>contant * 電池的電動勢</td>
<td>電路上有的電壓 = 電池本應有的電壓 &#8211; internal resistance的影響</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>W</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">電能</td>
<td>Electric energy</td>
<td>Joules</td>
<td>焦耳</td>
<td>J</td>
<td></td>
<td>W=QV</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>P</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;"></td>
<td>Power</td>
<td>Watt</td>
<td></td>
<td>W</td>
<td></td>
<td>P=IV</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td style="background-color:#f7dfc7;">電容</td>
<td>Capacitance</td>
<td>farads</td>
<td>法拉</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>電容器能儲蓄電荷的能力</td>
<td>C=Q/V</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
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			<media:title type="html">zyft</media:title>
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		<title>CE level science</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2007/12/30/ce-level-science/</link>
		<comments>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2007/12/30/ce-level-science/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Dec 2007 13:58:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CE/AL phy/math/other]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[  http://www.hkedcity.net/iworld/vote/index.phtml?iworld_id=38 物理廊問題集 http://clem.mscd.edu/~talmanl/MTH1410S07/IdentifyingDerivatives.html Suitable for F.5 Yahoo知識+ Q: 0的0次方=? A: 這要視乎情況。例如在數學分析（即是討論lim,微積分等的數學分枝），零的零次方是「Indeterminate form」，要看你計的是甚麼function。而大部分的情況，0^0都可取值為1 但在組合數學，0^0是1。例如根據binomial theorem（不知你的數學程度，這個theorem在中四附加數學有教） (x+y)^n = sum(k=0 to n) C(n,k) x^k y^(n-k) 設a不等於0， 1=(a+0)^0 = 0!/0! a^0 0^0 因為0!=1， a^0 = 1 ，如果0^0不等於1，這條式便會有錯。 （不知「!」點解可以參考http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E4%B9%98） 有關0^0的歷史可以看： http://www.faqs.org/faqs/sci-math-faq/specialnumbers/0to0/ 參考資料: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_product#0_raised_to_the_0th_power Phy atm question 1 atm=1&#215;10^5 Pa/ 1&#215;10^5 Nm^-2 即一個1m^2的平面受100000N(約10000kg)的壓力 人為何可以抵受？ A: 首先你要明白，壓強和力是不同的。 我聽過的比喻，是：你覺得以下那種情況較痛： 一個很瘦的女士穿高跟鞋用鞋跟踏你 一個比較胖的人穿皮鞋踏你 答案是前者，雖然前者的力較少，但後者受力面積大得多，壓強也較少。 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=50&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> <span id="more-50"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.hkedcity.net/iworld/vote/index.phtml?iworld_id=38">http://www.hkedcity.net/iworld/vote/index.phtml?iworld_id=38</a>  物理廊問題集</p>
<p><a href="http://clem.mscd.edu/~talmanl/MTH1410S07/IdentifyingDerivatives.html">http://clem.mscd.edu/~talmanl/MTH1410S07/IdentifyingDerivatives.html</a><br />
Suitable for F.5</p>
<h2>Yahoo知識+</h2>
<h3>Q: 0的0次方=?</h3>
<p>A:<br />
這要視乎情況。例如在數學分析（即是討論lim,微積分等的數學分枝），零的零次方是「Indeterminate form」，要看你計的是甚麼function。而大部分的情況，0^0都可取值為1</p>
<p>但在組合數學，0^0是1。例如根據binomial theorem（不知你的數學程度，這個theorem在中四附加數學有教）<br />
(x+y)^n = sum(k=0 to n) C(n,k) x^k y^(n-k)</p>
<p>設a不等於0， 1=(a+0)^0 = 0!/0! a^0 0^0<br />
因為0!=1， a^0 = 1 ，如果0^0不等於1，這條式便會有錯。</p>
<p>（不知「!」點解可以參考<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E4%B9%98">http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E4%B9%98</a>）</p>
<p>有關0^0的歷史可以看：<br />
<a href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/sci-math-faq/specialnumbers/0to0/">http://www.faqs.org/faqs/sci-math-faq/specialnumbers/0to0/</a><br />
參考資料:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_product#0_raised_to_the_0th_power">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_product#0_raised_to_the_0th_power</a></p>
<p><a title="Phyatmquestion" name="Phyatmquestion"></a></p>
<h3>Phy atm question</h3>
<p>1 atm=1&#215;10^5 Pa/ 1&#215;10^5 Nm^-2<br />
即一個1m^2的平面受100000N(約10000kg)的壓力<br />
人為何可以抵受？</p>
<p>A:<br />
首先你要明白，壓強和力是不同的。<br />
我聽過的比喻，是：你覺得以下那種情況較痛：<br />
一個很瘦的女士穿高跟鞋用鞋跟踏你<br />
一個比較胖的人穿皮鞋踏你<br />
答案是前者，雖然前者的力較少，但後者受力面積大得多，壓強也較少。</p>
<p>是用針刺你，用拳頭按着你（不是打過來），比較痛？答案是前者，都是同一原理：前者受力面積少，壓強較大。</p>
<p>1 atm這個大氣壓強，相對比針刺，少得多。<br />
不過，我想最重要的原因是：多年在陸上生活，人類的身體已經習慣了，所以沒有不適。</p>
<p><a title="實用的物理書" name="實用的物理書"></a></p>
<h3>實用的物理書</h3>
<p>《牛頓物理駕訓班》<br />
<a href="http://www.bookzone.com.tw/event/ws080/index.asp">http://www.bookzone.com.tw/event/ws080/index.asp</a><br />
<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010315230">http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010315230</a></p>
<p>《搞笑學物理》<br />
<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010286820">http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010286820</a><br />
這本書真是非常有趣，連精子運動的原理也有！ =_=&#8221;</p>
<p>要讀明以上兩本書，對Newton&#8217;s laws（中四physics課程）要有認識。雖然第一本的書開頭會略略提及，但我推薦你讀《觀念物理1》。其實《觀念物理》這套書雖然是教科書性質，但 它盡量都會講出它和生活息息相關的一面。就算你在教科書讀過，讀《觀念物理》（整套）都應該會有得?，是非常好的參考書。</p>
<p>觀念物理 I<br />
<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010158613">http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010158613</a></p>
<p>以上的書公共圖書館都有得借。<br />
你可以上網查下邊個館有：<br />
<a href="http://libcat.hkpl.gov.hk/webpac_cjk/wgbroker.exe?new+-access+top.main-page">http://libcat.hkpl.gov.hk/webpac_cjk/wgbroker.exe?new+-access+top.main-page</a></p>
<p>其實不少網站都有實用物理的環節：</p>
<p>物理園-生活物理<br />
<a href="http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/phyworld/articles/index.html">http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/phyworld/articles/index.html</a><br />
立體電影的原理<br />
<a href="http://yaox5d.myweb.hinet.net/pointview/dr-3d.html">http://yaox5d.myweb.hinet.net/pointview/dr-3d.html</a><br />
物理與生活<br />
<a href="http://phlife.7456.net/">http://phlife.7456.net/</a><br />
科學人雜誌-科學馬戲團<br />
高爾夫球上的小洞有什麼作用？<br />
<a href="http://sa.ylib.com/circus/circusshow.asp?FDocNo=447&amp;CL=8">http://sa.ylib.com/circus/circusshow.asp?FDocNo=447&amp;CL=8</a><br />
彩虹為什麼是圓的？<br />
<a href="http://sa.ylib.com/circus/circusshow.asp?FDocNo=491&amp;CL=8">http://sa.ylib.com/circus/circusshow.asp?FDocNo=491&amp;CL=8</a></p>
<p>Revealing the Magic in Everyday Life (PHYS0607, HKU)  <a href="http://www.physics.hku.hk/~phys0607/index.html">http://www.physics.hku.hk/~phys0607/index.html</a><br />
Defying gravity: The uphill roller（自動向上移的物件，拉去中間睇video，你就會好有興趣睇曬成篇文!）<br />
<a href="http://plus.maths.org/issue40/features/uphill/index-gifd.html">http://plus.maths.org/issue40/features/uphill/index-gifd.html</a></p>
<p><a title="磁場" name="磁場"></a></p>
<h3>磁場</h3>
<p>要距離地球多遠，才不會受到地球的磁場影響？<br />
兩個天體之間磁場會否互相影響？</p>
<p>A:<br />
1. 要距離地球幾遠先唔會受到地球ge磁場影響?</p>
<p>理論上，離地球多遠都會受地球的磁場影響。<br />
磁性物件之間的力是F = k q_1 q_2 / r^2 （其中q_1 和 q_2是物件的極強<a href="http://dreamer.pbwiki.com/pole+strength" class="WikiLink" id="p-caedf6d3876279a8b539d75bf18d50ee478c5913">pole strength</a>，r是兩者之間的距離，這方程的形式跟萬有引力的G m_1 m_2 / r^2 相近），所以極地球多遠也好，這種力依然存在，只會變得微不足道。</p>
<p>至於以地球的磁場為主的範圍（即是，在某個範圍之內，相較不同星球對該點的磁引力，地球的磁場的影響力是最大，例如，在木星，我們仍會受到地球磁場影響，當然木星本身的磁場影響力是最大），則稱為「磁圈」<a href="http://dreamer.pbwiki.com/Magnetosphere" class="WikiLink" id="p-a4d61f5922eaceb13a9bef43ce61eed27c955036">Magnetosphere</a>。地球的磁圈，在面向太陽的一面的邊界 約為10-12 R （這裏的R表示地球半徑的長度），左右兩面是15 R，至於尾部則拖得非常之長，約200R。</p>
<p>下面是磁圈的圖片<br />
<a href="http://space.rice.edu/IMAGE/livefrom/5_magnetosphere.jpg">http://space.rice.edu/IMAGE/livefrom/5_magnetosphere.jpg</a><br />
<a href="http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/sppb/edu/magnetosphere/images/mag_sketch.gif">http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/sppb/edu/magnetosphere/images/mag_sketch.gif</a><br />
<a href="http://www.uta.edu/physics/main/phys_research/space_physics/pic1.jpg">http://www.uta.edu/physics/main/phys_research/space_physics/pic1.jpg</a></p>
<p>2. 咁兩個星球之間ge磁場會唔會互相影響到呢?<br />
天體的磁場是由天體的電漿（即plasma 離子化氣體<a href="http://dreamer.pbwiki.com/ionized+gas" class="WikiLink" id="p-620e4166e0ecc54a6b05e41a3ad315f4f08af0fa">ionized gas</a>）、流體（如地心的熔岩）流動而形成的，這些帶電的東西當然會互相吸引或排斥。<br />
地球的磁場不是受到太陽風影響嗎？（注意：太陽風是太陽磁場的「產品」。）<br />
參考資料:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere</a></p>
<p><a title="為什麼地球磁場平均會南北互換" name="為什麼地球磁場平均會南北互換"></a></p>
<h3>為什麼地球磁場平均會南北互換?</h3>
<p>A:<br />
科學家對「地磁倒轉」沒有定論，有多種說法，我只擇其二解說。</p>
<p>說法一：地球外地核的液態金屬的流動是渾沌的（chaotic motion），有很多擾動（流動方向與「大方向」相異的部分），這些擾動累積下來，便令地磁整個倒轉。所以地磁倒轉的週期頗不規律。</p>
<p>說法二：地球外地核的液態金屬流到內地核。其中一些凝結了並一直沉積，並沒有流回外地核，累積多年，一剎那間像雪崩般暴發了，所以磁場便起了大變化。<br />
參考資料:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_reversal#Causes">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_reversal#Causes</a><br />
<a href="http://earth.fg.tp.edu.tw/discuss/view.php?serial=1934">http://earth.fg.tp.edu.tw/discuss/view.php?serial=1934</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ufo.org.tw/news/2006/041406-1.htm">http://www.ufo.org.tw/news/2006/041406-1.htm</a></p>
<p><a title="Chemistry" name="Chemistry"></a></p>
<h2>Chemistry</h2>
<p><a href="http://chemistry.about.com/od/testsquizzes/Chemistry_Tests_Quizzes.htm">http://chemistry.about.com/od/testsquizzes/Chemistry_Tests_Quizzes.htm</a><br />
Chemistry Tests &amp; Quizzes</p>
<ul>
<li> pH of Household Products</li>
<li> Everyday Chemistry Quiz</li>
<li> Food Chemistry Quiz</li>
<li> Bathroom Chemistry Quiz</li>
<li> Crystal Growing Quiz</li>
<li> Phases &amp; Phase Changes Quiz</li>
<li> Metal Quiz</li>
<li> Rock and Minerals &lt;= Not Recommended. I hadn&#8217;t seen the name of mineral names besides cinnabar,pyrite and quartz.</li>
</ul>
<p>Suitable for F.3: -_-</p>
<ul>
<li> GED Chemistry Quiz</li>
<li> Laboratory Safety Quiz</li>
<li> Compound Names</li>
<li> Element Atomic Number Quiz</li>
<li> Element Symbol Matching Quiz</li>
<li> Chemical, Physical, and Nuclear Changes Quiz (不過有問alpha,beta ,gamma radiation)</li>
<li> Element Symbol Quiz (有些應該唔識，例如 Y=Yttrium, Cm = Curium, At = Astatine, Th = Rhodium, Tl = Thallium)</li>
<li> Periodic Table Quiz</li>
</ul>
<p>&#8212;Food &amp; bathroom &amp; Everyday Chemistry</p>
<ul>
<li>When you chop onions, your eyes can burn because a chemical reaction produces <span style="text-decoration:underline;">sulphuric acid</span>.</li>
<li>Urine tends to have a yellow/amber color. All of the following are names for a yellow pigment found in urine:
<ul>
<li>Hydrobilirubin</li>
<li>Urochrome</li>
<li>Urohaematin</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>aspirin=acetylsalicylic acid.</li>
<li>Vitamin C = Ascorbic acid.</li>
<li>Hair gets its (natural) color from melanin.</li>
<li>A tomato gets its red color from lycopene.</li>
<li>Hot peppers get their heat from capsaicin.</li>
<li>Bilirubin is most directly responsible for the brown color of feces.</li>
<li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20051102190335/%3Ca%20href=">http://www.ul.ie/%7Echildsp/CinA/Issue49/qanda.htm</a>l&#8221; target=&#8221;_new&#8221;&gt;How do antiperspirants work? (antiperspirant = 止汗劑)</li>
<li>The chemical known as thimerosol has been used to preserve saline solutions and vaccines. Thimerosol contains mercury. (The compound is being phased out from most childhood vaccinations.)</li>
<li>BHA and BHT, which are used to keep fats from turning rancid, are two chemicals commonly used as preservatives in food.</li>
<li>Chocolate and cocoa naturally contain relatively high levels of Cadmium and lead !!!</li>
<li>Tums , Maalox = 胃藥</li>
<li> You want some water to wash down the aspirin. If no one has used the faucet for <span style="text-decoration:underline;">many years</span> , you may want to let it run for several seconds before drinking to purge <span style="text-decoration:underline;">lead </span>from the plumbing/fixture. <a href="http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/04water/html/Lead_Faucets.htm" target="_new">(History)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&#8212;Rock and Minerals</p>
<ul>
<li>Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine .</li>
<li>Chalcopyrite and bornite are common ores of copper.</li>
<li>The mineral beryl is a beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate.</li>
<li>The purple gemstone amethyst is a type of quartz</li>
<li>sequence of stones is listed in order of increasing hardness: fluorite, quartz, topaz, corundum</li>
<li>Tourmaline is found over a very wide color range, such that single crystals may be multicolored with different optical and electrical properties at opposite ends of the crystal.</li>
<li>Orpiment is a compound of arsenic.</li>
<li>Almandine, hessonite, pyrope, grossular, and demontoid are all types of garnet.</li>
<li>Rubies and sapphires are both varieties of Corundum</li>
</ul>
<p>&#8212;Others</p>
<ul>
<li> Types of Crystal: <a href="http://www.chemistry.co.nz/crystal_types.htm">http://www.chemistry.co.nz/crystal_types.htm</a></li>
<li>For some crystals it probably won&#8217;t matter whether you use tap water, distilled water, or bottled water, but for other crystals water purity is very important.</li>
<li>When solute B is added to pure solvent A, the vapor pressure of A above the solvent decreases.</li>
<li>You can grow a seed crystal more easily if you try to grow it on a roughened surface, like a cotton string or a slightly scratched glass.</li>
<li>Alloys are mixtures of pure metals. The melting point of an alloy is usually lower than the melting points of the pure metals.</li>
<li>In its simplest form, bronze is an alloy of Copper and Tin.</li>
<li>The alkali metals  have the largest atomic radii in their periods.</li>
<li>Rust = <a href="http://dreamer.pbwiki.com/Fe2O3" class="WikiLink" id="p-4eb5bb649a302ad82ec8840ceb4a99255756dd5c">Fe2O3</a> * n H2O (So it may say there is no hydrogen =_=&#8221;)</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<ul>
<li>What is the difference between ductility and malleability? (<a href="http://sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/site/structure.html" target="_new">source</a>)
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#ffffff;">Malleability 可展性; 可鍛性 is the ability to deform easily upon the application of a compressive force: making thin sheet</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#ffffff;">Ductility 延性 is doing the same with tensile force: being drawn into wires</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr /><a title="Economicsphysicschemistry" name="Economicsphysicschemistry"></a></p>
<h2>Economics, physics, chemistry</h2>
<p>Economics:</p>
<ul>
<li>What is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_payment" target="_new">transfer payment</a>? What is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_money" target="_new">credit money</a>? (Past paper in 1980s =_=&#8221;)</li>
</ul>
<p>Chemistry:</p>
<ul>
<li>為何gel 頭用那些mousse有LPG？ <span style="color:#c2c2c2;background-color:#c2c2c2;" class="cald-word">They are propellant. In room condition, </span><span style="color:#c2c2c2;background-color:#c2c2c2;">butane and propane are gas. But under great pressure, they are liquid form. When they come out from the container, they change from liquid to gas.</span></li>
<li>Why is it not advisable to use zinc-carbon cells in a digital camera? <span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">A lot of hydrogen will form around the electrode if the load is heavy. NH<sub>4</sub>Cl can&#8217;t remove all hydrogen immediately. Then the cell can&#8217;t work. <font size="2">(From Chemistry Modern View) </font></span><font size="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Znbatteryinsidebubbles.png" target="_new">Picture</a></font></li>
</ul>
<p>Physics:<span style="color:#c2c2c2;background-color:#c2c2c2;"></span></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter" target="_new">dioptor</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell%27s_window" target="_new">Snell&#8217;s Window</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF5/568.html" target="_new">Floaters</a></li>
<li>In a cloud chamber, the track seen is made up of: <span style="color:#c2c2c2;background-color:#c2c2c2;">water droplets</span></li>
<li>When current passes through a solenoid, how will its length and radius change? <span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">Consider attraction between current-carrying wires. Radius increases but length decreases.</span></li>
<li>Hold two fingers so that there is a narrow slit between them, and look at a light bulb through the slit. What causes the dark lines?</li>
<li>Why is it impossible to observe things in the order of 10<sup>-8</sup> m by devices using visible light? <span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">Diffraction</span></li>
<li>Why do the far end of a pool filled to a uniform depth appear shallower than the end near the observer at its edge? <span style="background-color:#c2c2c2;color:#c2c2c2;">Diffraction</span></li>
</ul>
<p><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Georgia;">The last 3 questions are from </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-family:Georgia;">Physics</span><span style="font-family:Georgia;"> Vol 2, by Halliday, Resnick, Krane</span></font></p>
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		<title>100個定理</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2007/12/15/100%e5%80%8b%e5%ae%9a%e7%90%86/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Dec 2007 15:26:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[數學]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Originally from: The Hundred Greatest Theorems 序號 定理名稱 範疇 證明年份 1 2的開方是無 理數 基礎代數 500 B.C. 2 代 數基本定理 代數 1799 3 有 理數集是可數集 基礎集論 1867 4 勾 股定理 幾何 500 B.C. 5 質數定理 數論 1896 6 哥德爾不完全性定理 集論 1931 7 二 次互反律 數論 1801 8 尺規作圖不能三等分角及倍立方體 代數 1837 9 圓 面積 幾何 225 B.C. [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=44&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Originally from: <a href="http://personal.stevens.edu/%7Enkahl/Top100Theorems.html">The Hundred Greatest Theorems</a></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<th>序號</th>
<th>定理名稱</th>
<th>範疇</th>
<th>證明年份</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">1</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.math.utah.edu/%7Ealfeld/math/q1.html">2的開方是無 理數</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">500 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">2</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.cut-the-knot.com/do_you_know/fundamental2.shtml">代 數基本定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1799</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">3</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.shu.edu/html/teaching/math/reals/infinity/index.html">有 理數集是可數集</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1867</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">4</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.math.ubc.ca/%7Ecass/courses/java/m308/pythagoras.html">勾 股定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">500 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">5</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.utm.edu/research/primes/howmany.shtml">質數定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1896</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">6</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">哥德爾不完全性定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1931</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">7</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://grosz.math.txstate.edu:16080/%7Edhaz/prob_sets/notes/node32.html">二 次互反律</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1801</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">8</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">尺規作圖不能三等分角及倍立方體</td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1837</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">9</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.wku.edu/%7Erichmta/Pir2.html">圓 面積</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">225 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">10</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://cut-the-knot.com/blue/Euler.html">費 馬小定理的歐拉的一般化</a><a href="http://www.utm.edu/research/primes/notes/proofs/FermatsLittleTheorem.html">(費 馬小定理)</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1760(1640)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">11</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.math.utah.edu/%7Ealfeld/math/q2.html">質數有無限個</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">12</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/HistTopics/Non-Euclidean_geometry.html">平 行公理的獨立性</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1870-1880</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">13</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/%7Eeppstein/junkyard/euler/">多面體 公式</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">立體幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1751</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">14</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Euler’s Summation of 1 + (1/2<sup>2</sup>) + (1/3<sup>2</sup>) + …. = <font size="-1">π</font><sup>2</sup> / 6</td>
<td style="width:172px;">分析數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1734</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">15</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">微積分基本定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">微積分</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1686</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">16</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">一般一元五次或以上方程不可解</td>
<td style="width:172px;">抽象代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1824</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">17</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.iln.net/html_p/c/53785/53786/53799/53863/54148.asp">棣 美弗定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數（複數）</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1730</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">18</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LiouvillesConstant.html">劉 維爾定理及</a><a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LiouvillesConstant.html">構 作</a><a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LiouvillesConstant.html">超 越數</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1844</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">19</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://intranet.qes.edu.hk/%7Efungcheokyin/doc/Top100Theorems.html">四 平方和定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1770</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">
<p style="background-color:#ffffff;">20</p>
</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">形式如4n+1的質數是兩個平方數之和</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">21</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Green’s Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">數學分析</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1828</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">22</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">The Non-Denumerability of the Continuum （實數數目不可數）</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1874</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">23</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">勾股三數組的公式</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">24</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">連續統假設</td>
<td style="width:172px;">集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1963</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">25</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%E2%80%93Bernstein%E2%80%93Schroeder_theorem">Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem</a> (injective and bijective)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">26</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Leibnitz’s Series for <font size="-1">π</font></td>
<td style="width:172px;">數學分析</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1674</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">27</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">三角形內角和</td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">28</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Pascal’s Hexagon Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">投影幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1640</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">29</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Feuerbach’s Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">投影幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1822</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">30</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/Workshops/Biomath/slides/Gargano.pdf">The Ballot Problem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1887</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">31</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://mathdb.org/notes_download/elementary/combinatorics/dc_D7.pdf">Ramsey theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1930</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">32</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">四色定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">圖論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1976</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">33</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">費馬最後定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1993</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">34</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">調和級數的發散性(1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3  &#8211;&gt; infinity)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">分析數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1350</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">35</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">泰勒定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">微積分</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1715</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">36</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">不動點定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">拓撲學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1910</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">37</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">三次方程的解</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1500</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">38</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">算術級數/幾何級數(Proof by Backward Induction)(Polya的證明)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">??</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">39</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.math.ust.hk/excalibur/v6_n3.pdf">Solutions to Pell’s Equation</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1759</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">40</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.math.ucdavis.edu/%7Elatte/latex/appsmin/appsmin/">Minkowski’s Fundamental Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">幾何數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1896</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">41</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.math.ucdavis.edu/%7Elatte/latex/appsmin/appsmin/">Puiseux’s Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1850</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">42</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">三角形數的倒數之和</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1672</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">43</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">等周定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎幾何／分析</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1838</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">44</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">二項式定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1665</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">45</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagonal_number_theorem">The Partition Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1740</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">46</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">一般四次方程的解</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1545</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">47</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">The Central Limit Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">統計學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">48</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">抽屜原理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1837</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">49</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">The Cayley-Hamilton Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">抽象代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1858</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">50</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">正多面體的數目</td>
<td style="width:172px;">立體幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">400 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">51</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">威 爾遜定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1773</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">52</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">集的子集數目</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">53</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><font size="-1">π</font>是超越數</td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1882</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">54</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">七橋問題</td>
<td style="width:172px;">圖論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1736</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">55</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Intersecting chord theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">56</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">The Hermite-Lindemann Transcendence Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1882</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">57</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">海倫公式</td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">75</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">58</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">組合數目的公式:C(n,r)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">59</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">大數法則</td>
<td style="width:172px;">概率</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">&lt;many&gt;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">60</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s_theorem">Bezout’s Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">61</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%93%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="塞瓦定理">塞瓦定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1678</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">62</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Fair Games Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">????</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">63</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s_theorem">Cantor’s Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1891</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">64</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">洛必達法則</td>
<td style="width:172px;">微積分</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1696?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">65</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">等腰三角形定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">66</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">幾何級數之和</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">260 B.C.?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">67</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">e是超越數</td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1873</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">68</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">算術級數和</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1700 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">69</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">輾轉相除法</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">70</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">完美數定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">71</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">子群的階 (Order of a Subgroup)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">抽象代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1802</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">72</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/%7Elp15/papers/Kammueller/sylow.pdf">Sylow’s Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">抽象代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1870</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">73</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Szekeres_theorem">Ascending or Descending Sequences</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1935</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">74</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">數學歸納法的原理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">集論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1321</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">75</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/entries/en_mvt/">平均值定理</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">數學分析</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1823</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">76</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">傅立葉級數</td>
<td style="width:172px;">數學分析</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1811</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">77</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">k次方之和 (1<sup>k</sup> + 2<sup>k</sup> + &#8230; + n<sup>k</sup> )</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學／數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1713</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">78</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E8%A5%BF%E2%80%94%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F">柯 西—施瓦茨不等式</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1814?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">79</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">中值定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">微積分</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1821</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">80</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">算術基本定理（質因數連乘式是唯一和存在的）</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">300 B.C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">81</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Divergence of the Prime Reciprocal Series (1/2 + 1/3 + 1/5 + 1/7 + 1/11 + 1/13 + &#8230;)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">分析數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1734?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">82</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Dissection of Cubes (J.E. Littlewood’s ‘elegant’ proof)(Waring’s problem for cubes)（每個正整數都可以寫成五個立方數的和）</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1940</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">83</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">友誼定理(The Friendship Theorem)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1966</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">84</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.cut-the-knot.org/triangle/Morley/index.shtml">Morley’s Theorem</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1899</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">85</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">除以3的原則</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">86</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Lebesgue Measure and Integration</td>
<td style="width:172px;">微積分</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1902</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">87</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Desargues’ Theorem</td>
<td style="width:172px;">投影幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1650</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">88</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derangement">Derangements Formula</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">89</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">The Factor and Remainder Theorems</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">90</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Stirling’s Formula</td>
<td style="width:172px;">數學分析</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1730</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">91</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">三角不等式</td>
<td style="width:172px;">幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">92</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/%7Ecrorres/Archimedes/Stomachion/Pick.html">皮 克定理 (Pick&#8217;s theorem)</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1899</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">93</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem">生日問題</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學／概率</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">94</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">餘弦定理</td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1579</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">95</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">托勒密定理 (Ptolemy theorem)</td>
<td style="width:172px;">平面幾何</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">120?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">96</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">容斥原理（inclusion-exclusion principle）</td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數學</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">97</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramer%27s_rule"><font face="新細明體">克萊姆法則 Cramer&#8217;s Rule</font></a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">線性代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1750</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">98</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD-%E5%88%87%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%AA%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">Bertrand’s Postulate （n和2n之間至少有一個質數）</a></td>
<td style="width:172px;">組合數論</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1860?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">99</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">比豐投針問題</td>
<td style="width:172px;">概率</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1733</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="8%">100</td>
<td style="width:334px;" valign="top">Descartes Rule of Signs</td>
<td style="width:172px;">基礎代數</td>
<td valign="top" width="14%">1637</td>
</tr>
</table>
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		<title>20071205 Question</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/20071205-question/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Dec 2007 13:52:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[物理]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Q1. A binary star system consists of two revolving round a common centre with different orbital radii. If the period of  rotation is 10days and their masses are 10^30kg and 4&#215;10^30kg respectively, find the seperation between them.(Circular motion and G-force) Q2. The number of electrons in your body is roughly: A. 10^20 B. 10^23 C. [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=40&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"></span>Q1. A binary star system consists of two revolving round a common centre with different orbital radii. If the period of  rotation is 10days and their masses are 10^30kg and 4&#215;10^30kg respectively, find the seperation between them.(</span><span><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Circular motion and G-force</span></span><span>)</span></p>
<p><span>Q2. The number of electrons in your body is roughly:<br />
A. 10^20 B. 10^23 C. 10^27 D. 10^30</span></p>
<p><span id="more-40"></span><span><br />
Ans:</span></p>
<p><span>Q1:  1.85&#215;10^10m  </span>(source: forgotten)</p>
<p>Q2: C (<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/12218/A-physics-quiz-for-intelligent-undergraduates">source</a>)</p>
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		<title>海盜分金幣</title>
		<link>http://zyft.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/%e6%b5%b7%e7%9b%9c%e5%88%86%e9%87%91%e5%b9%a3/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Nov 2007 08:35:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>zyft</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[數學]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[定義情況Cn,m：n個海盜分m枚金幣。稱呼這些海盜為P1, P2, &#8230;, Pn-1, Pn。 由Pn制定分配的規則，如果不同意的人數多於或等於同意者的數目，Pn得 要被槍殺，然後退到情況Cn-1,m。 每個海盜都是理性和遵守約定的，不會冒險，而且他們判斷時，不同事物對其重要性如下：（由較重要到不重要） 自己的性命 自己的利益 死亡的人數（海盜認為越來越人受害越好） 設f(n,m,k)為Pk在Cn,m會得到的金幣數 目（若他必死，f(n,m,k)=-∞，若f(n,m,k)不確定，則函數無值），其中m&#62;0, n&#62;&#62;1。 當m&#62;&#62;n&#62;&#62;1時，f(n,m,n)的值。 給定m，對於哪些n，Pn必死？有f(n,m,n)=0？ 分n為單雙數考慮： f(2k+1,m,2k+1) = m &#8211; k &#8211; 1 ：在C2k,m， 會有k-1個海盜必定得到0枚金幣。所以在C2k+1,m，給那些海盜1枚金幣便能獲其支持。再加上自 身，支持Pn的人便有k個。已知隨意選擇一個 i 符合 f(2k,m,i)=1，給予Pi 2枚金幣，也得到其支持了。到在C2k,m的 情況。 f(2k,m,2k) = m-k ：在C2k-1,m，有k-2個海盜可能得到0枚金幣，這些海盜是在C2k-2,m得 到非零枚金幣的人。儘管這些可能得0枚金幣的人中，最終必定有剛好一個海盜在C2k-1,m剛好得到2枚 金幣，但在C2k,m未退到C2k-1,m前，那些可能 者都不知自己在C2k-1,m會得到2枚還是0枚金幣。以不冒險的原則，他們便會接受1枚金幣的安排。 留意各種邊界情況： f(2m-2, m ,2m-2) = 1 , f(2m-1, m ,2m-1) = 0 , f(2m, m ,2m) [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=zyft.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1480222&#038;post=38&#038;subd=zyft&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>定義情況C<sub>n,m</sub>：n個海盜分m枚金幣。稱呼這些海盜為P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, &#8230;, P<sub>n-1</sub>, P<sub>n</sub>。 由P<sub>n</sub>制定分配的規則，如果不同意的人數多於或等於同意者的數目，P<sub>n</sub>得 要被槍殺，然後退到情況C<sub>n-1,m</sub>。</p>
<p>每個海盜都是理性和遵守約定的，不會冒險，而且他們判斷時，不同事物對其重要性如下：（由較重要到不重要）</p>
<ol>
<li>自己的性命</li>
<li>自己的利益</li>
<li>死亡的人數（海盜認為越來越人受害越好）</li>
</ol>
<p>設f(n,m,k)為P<sub>k</sub>在C<sub>n,m</sub>會得到的金幣數 目（若他必死，f(n,m,k)=-∞，若f(n,m,k)不確定，則函數無值），其中m&gt;0, n&gt;&gt;1。</p>
<ol>
<li>當m&gt;&gt;n&gt;&gt;1時，f(n,m,n)的值。</li>
<li>給定m，對於哪些n，P<sub>n</sub>必死？有f(n,m,n)=0？</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>分n為單雙數考慮：
<ol>
<li>f(2k+1,m,2k+1) = m &#8211; k &#8211; 1 ：在C<sub>2k,m</sub>， 會有k-1個海盜必定得到0枚金幣。所以在C<sub>2k+1,m</sub>，給那些海盜1枚金幣便能獲其支持。再加上自 身，支持P<sub>n</sub>的人便有k個。已知隨意選擇一個<span style="font-style:italic;"> i</span> 符合 f(2k,m,i)=1，給予P<sub>i</sub> 2枚金幣，也得到其支持了。到在C<sub>2k,m</sub>的 情況。</li>
<li>f(2k,m,2k) = m-k ：在C<sub>2k-1,m</sub>，有k-2個海盜<span style="font-weight:bold;">可能</span>得到0枚金幣，這些海盜是在C<sub>2k-2,m</sub>得 到非零枚金幣的人。儘管這些可能得0枚金幣的人中，最終必定有剛好一個海盜在C<sub>2k-1,m</sub>剛好得到2枚 金幣，但在C<sub>2k,m</sub>未退到C<sub>2k-1,m</sub>前，那些可能 者都不知自己在C<sub>2k-1,m</sub>會得到2枚還是0枚金幣。以不冒險的原則，他們便會接受1枚金幣的安排。</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>留意各種邊界情況：
<ul>
<li>f(2m-2, m ,2m-2) = 1 ,  f(2m-1, m ,2m-1) = 0 ,  f(2m, m ,2m) = 0  且 f(2m, m ,2m-1) = 0 。</li>
<li>f(2m+1, m ,2m+1)=0，因為在C<sub>2m,m</sub>的錢幣分配是確定 的，只要P<sub>2m+1</sub>的安排是 f(2m, m, i)=0 =&gt; f(2m+1, m, i)=1 ，便得到m個人支持，再加起自己，共有m+1人支持，可保性命。</li>
<li>f(2m+2,m,2m+2)=-∞ 到了C<sub>2m+2,m</sub>，在f(2m+1, m , i ) = 0 的i的值共有m+1個，而P<sub>2m+2</sub>只可分配m枚金幣，怎樣分最多也是m+1人 支持自己。</li>
<li>f(2m+3,m,2m+3)=0 ！<span style="text-decoration:underline;">因為P</span><sub>2m+2</sub><span style="text-decoration:underline;">不想死</span>，他只有支持P<sub>2m+3</sub>。 將m個金幣分配給P<sub>i</sub>，其中 i 使得 f(2m+1, m , i ) = 0，以獲得m個人支持（這 可以隨便分）。於是便有m+2人支持P<sub>2m+3</sub>。</li>
<li>f(2m+k,m,2m+k)= -∞ !? 且慢。在C<sub>2m+7</sub>，P<sub>2m+4</sub>, P<sub>2m+5</sub>, P<sub>2m+6</sub>, P<sub>2m+7</sub>會 支持，結果他們又能活下來。f(2m+k,m,2m+k) = 0 for k=2<sup>r</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<table style="text-align:center;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tr>
<td>n /P<sub>i</sub></td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">1</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">2</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">3</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">4</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">5</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">6</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">7</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">8</td>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">1</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>-∞</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">5</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>0 or 2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">7</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0 or 2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">9</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 or 0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>95</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>參考：</p>
<ul>
<li> http://gezhi.org/node/477</li>
<li> http://www.oursci.org/ency/math/001.htm</li>
</ul>
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